Here are just a few milestones they may master by the end of the year. Keep in mind that every child develops differently, and these milestones may be reached sooner or later depending on the child.
Recognizes, names, and writes all 26 letters of the alphabet.
Identifies letter sounds associated with each letter.
Identifies rhyming pairs (e.g., boy/toy, man/fan).
Matches words with the same beginning sound (e.g., hand/hair).
Matches commonly associated items when given a choice (e.g., shoe and sock).
Follows two-step directions (e.g., "Go to the kitchen and get a plate from the cabinet").
Reads nonwords that follow simple syllable patterns (e.g., "ip," "zop").
Reads simple, frequently occurring words (e.g., "my," "that").
For Kindergartners, keep in mind:
Say a word slowly—like sss-uunn (sun)—and have your child guess what it is. This builds blending skills, a key step in learning to read!
Rhyming games can be fun and active! State two words (funny and bunny) and ask your child to hop on one foot if they rhyme or freeze in a silly pose if they don’t.
Help your child build letter recognition by using multi-sensory techniques—trace letters in sand, form them with playdough, or use skywriting (writing large letters in the air).
Choose higher-level books. Pause to discuss new words, connect stories to their everyday experiences, and ask, “What do you think will happen next?”